Eco-Sensitive Zone (ESZ)

Eco-Sensitive Zone (ESZ) has been designated by the Indian government near Sukhna Wildlife Sanctuary in Haryana to protect the environment.

About Eco-Sensitive Zones (ESZs):

• These zones, also called Ecologically Fragile Areas (EFA), are critical for protecting the environment.
• ESZs are established around key natural areas like National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries to act as buffers, safeguarding these habitats from external impacts.
• The Environment (Protection) Act of 1986 mandates their notification.

Activities and Management in ESZs

• Prohibited Activities: In ESZs, there is a strict ban on commercial mining, setting up of sawmills, and any industries that lead to pollution. Constructing major hydroelectric projects is also prohibited.
• Regulated Activities: Certain actions, like tree felling and developing hotels or resorts, are controlled. Limitations are placed on installing electrical cables and making significant alterations to the agricultural systems.
• Permitted Activities: Local communities are encouraged to engage in agriculture and horticulture, with a focus on rainwater harvesting and organic farming practices.

Criteria for ESZ Declaration

• ESZs are identified based on factors like unique species, critical ecosystems, and significant geomorphologic features.
• Areas within 10 km of protected zones are automatically classified as ESZs, following the National Wildlife Action Plan (2002-2016).
• The government may extend this boundary to include vital ecological corridors.

About Sukhna Wildlife Sanctuary:

• Situated in the Sivalik Hills of Chandigarh, this sanctuary forms part of Sukhna Lake’s catchment and was declared protected in 1998.
• It is a diverse ecosystem featuring forests, grasslands, and wetlands.
• The sanctuary is a haven for wildlife, hosting a variety of animals like sambar deer, barking deer, and wild boar, along with numerous species of birds, reptiles, and amphibians.
• A significant challenge for the sanctuary is the prevalence of lantana weed, an invasive species that affects over half of its area, indicating the need for effective management and conservation efforts.

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