In 1857, discontented farmers and unemployed soldiers initiated an uprising against colonial rule, marking the beginning of numerous freedom movements."
Spark of Rebellion
Spark of Rebellion
By 1864, figures like Syed Ahmed were founding societies such as the Scientific Society to promote modern knowledge.
Educational Reforms
Educational Reforms
The Theosophical Society and Indian League were established in 1875, fostering a renewed sense of cultural identity and political unity.
Societal Transformations
Societal Transformations
The Vernacular Press Act of 1876 by Lord Lytton sought to suppress the local press, igniting further resistance.
Press and Politics
Press and Politics
The Indian National Congress, formed in 1885, began as a platform for dialogue and evolved into a pivotal force in India’s independence struggle.
National Congress Formation
National Congress Formation
The 1905 partition of Bengal by Lord Curzon catalyzed the Swadeshi movement, strengthening demands for self-rule.
Swadeshi Movement
Swadeshi Movement
Emergence of Mass Movements The 1916 Lucknow Pact symbolized Hindu-Muslim unity against the British, showing strength in political cooperation.
From 1920 to 1922, the Non-Cooperation Movement mobilized millions under Gandhi’s leadership to challenge British authority non-violently.
The Non-Cooperation Wave
The Non-Cooperation Wave
The 1930 Chittagong armoury raid by Indian revolutionaries demonstrated the increasing militancy of the freedom struggle.
Revolutionary Actions
Revolutionary Actions
The Quit India Movement of 1942 marked a definitive shift in the national mood, demanding an end to British rule.
Prelude to Independence
Prelude to Independence
By 1947, the persistent efforts culminated in the Indian Independence Act, leading to freedom on August 15.