Supreme Court delivers a split verdict on PILs challenging GM Mustard’s approval.
Key highlights of the judgement:
- Judicial review of Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee (GEAC) decisions is permissible.
- The Union government is directed to develop a national policy on GM crops, involving consultations with states, farmers’ groups, and other stakeholders.
- Enforcement of FSSAI Act provisions is required concerning the import of GM foods.
About GM Crops:
- GM crops are crops with genetically modified materials through laboratory techniques involving the transfer of genetic material from different organisms.
- Definition according to WHO: Genetically modified organisms are those in which the genetic material has been altered in ways that do not occur naturally through mating or natural recombination.
- Significance: Increased crop yields, resistance to pesticides, and adaptation to climate changes.
- Concerns: Potential allergic reactions, antimicrobial resistance, and immune suppression.
- In India, Bt cotton was approved in 2002, and it remains the only GM crop officially permitted for cultivation.
- Approval process: All GM crops must receive approval from the GEAC for commercial production.
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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
What are GM crops?
GM crops are crops with genetically modified materials through laboratory techniques involving the transfer of genetic material from different organisms.
What is the significance of GM crops?
GM crops can lead to increased crop yields, resistance to pesticides, and adaptation to climate changes, benefiting farmers and helping to ensure food security.
What is the approval process for GM crops in India?
All GM crops must undergo a thorough evaluation and receive approval from the Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee (GEAC) before they can be commercially produced in India. This regulatory process aims to ensure the safety and environmental impact of GM crops.