National Generic Document Registration System (NDGRS) has been launched in Assam by the Ministry of Rural Development, integrating Blockchain and ULPIN technologies.
About National Generic Document Registration System (NDGRS):
- Part of the One Nation One Software initiative by the Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India.
- Developed by the National Informatics Centre (NIC) Pune, the NGDRS application serves as a common, generic platform for registration departments nationwide.
- In NGDRS, the deed is digitally signed by Sub registering officer (SRO) and stored in blockchain after the approval of deed.
- It is a key component of the Digital India Land Records Modernization Programme (DILRMP).
Key Objectives
- Uniform Process: Aims to establish a standardized and uniform process for registration of deeds/documents nationwide.
- Addressing Diversity: Addresses the diversity in languages, processes, formulae, and formats prevalent across states.
- Interoperability and Compatibility: Enables ease in interoperability and compatibility with other applications of various sectors.
Blockchain Technology and ULPIN:
Blockchain’s Role:
- Blockchain technology is introduced to revolutionize land records management, enhancing trust, auditability, traceability, and immutability of land records data.
- Blockchain will secure land records by allowing transactions to be recorded and distributed without the possibility of being edited.
- Blockchain technology’s unique combination of cryptography and distribute network nodes allows data to be maintained and validated in trusted ecosystem.
ULPIN as Unique Blockchain ID:
- ULPIN, identified as the unique blockchain ID, is assigned to each land parcel based on longitude and latitudecoordinates from geo-referenced cadastral maps.
- It is similar to Aadhar or fingerprint for land.
- The benefits of ULPIN include.
Implementation of ULPIN
- Objectives: Ensure uniqueness in transactions, updating spatial records, linking property transactions, sharing land records data across departments and financial institutions, and eliminating fraudulent transactions.
- Integration with Bhunaksha: Uniquely identifies land parcels using ULPIN from Bhunaksha.
Issues in Land Record management in India:
- Poor administration: Land records are poorly maintained, and there is a lack of uniformity.
- Corruption: The paper-based management of land records is inefficient and creates a fertile ground for corruption by land mafias.
- Lack of transparency: There is no uniform approach across the country, and parties may still be required to physically present themselves along with the necessary documents.
- Data quality: Poor data quality and errors in legacy records can hamper the accuracy and reliability of digital land records.
- Lack of standardized formats: It hinders the seamless exchange and integration of land-related data, leading to difficulties in data sharing and analysis.
- Land fragmentation: There are concerns over land fragmentation that is happening on the ground but the same has not been reflected in the land records data.
- Land titles: Land titles in India are unclear due to various reasons such as legacy issues of the zamindari system, gaps in the legal framework, and poor administration of land records.
- Property disputes: Nearly two-thirds of all pending cases in Indian courts are related to property disputes.
Benefit of using Blockchain for Land Record management:
- Store data accurately: Blockchain can accurately store land records data, including the history of transactions on a piece of land.
- Securely transfer land property: Blockchain can be used to securely transfer land property.
- Track changes: Blockchain’s transparent nature allows users to track changes made in land documents.
- Prevent fraudulent activities: Blockchain can help prevent fraudulent activities by making the system more secure.
- Prevent illegal activities: Blockchain can also prevent illegal activities involved in land transactions as it is challenging to duplicate.
- Keep an immutable record of transactions: Blockchain can keep an immutable record of transactions, proving that someone is the owner of the land title.
- Store title facts: Blockchain can store land title facts and run the transactions that are intertwined in land titles
About blockchain technology:
- A blockchain is a distributed ledger that duplicates and distributes transactions across the network of computers participating in the blockchain.
- Blockchain works by storing data in blocks that are linked together in a chain.
- The information is stored in an open-source decentralized environment, where each block’s information is confirmable by every participating computer.
Ref: Source
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